Digital Circuits

1- What do you know about electricity also can we live without it?

2- Usually kids says it power the stuff and it’s all around us.

3- We want the kids to understand that electricity is like water it flows in paths, but we call the particles “Charges”

4- We will introduce the scientific name of each the plug and the battery.

5- Also we will list some examples for devices uses DC and AC together.

1- Circuit : is a path for the charges to flow from point to point and it’s a closed one.

2- Circuits look like a circle as if we start from a certain point we will end at the same point again, This why we call it a circuit.

3- In circuits we have two different state opened circuits and closed circuits.

4- Closed circuits : forms a complete loop with no cuts.

5- Opened circuits : the path is not complete due to one of the wires is not connected or one of the component is corrupt.

1- Circuits do consist of 3 main parts: “Voltage Source, Conductive paths, and Loads”.

2- Voltage source: is the component that provide power to the circuit “Battery”

3- Conductive paths: Is the component that provide routes for the charges to flow from one point to another.

4- Load : is the component in the circuit required to consume the power and make something from for example light bulb consume power to emit light and motor do consume power to move.

1- Current : is the flow of charges at a certain point, Also current carry power from the voltage source to the Load.

2- We can mention that we measure current by a unit called ampere “Amps”.

3- Voltage: is the amount of pressure the power source can provide, Also volts pushes the current to move in wires.

4- We can mention the unit of voltage which is volts”V”.

5- Resistance: is the opposite force in direction to the Voltage, However, every this in life do have resistance.

6- We can mention the unit of resistance which is Ohm” Ω“

Note: We want the participant to know these stuff without mentioning more details.

1- We will use a platform from University of Colorado “PHET Colorado“.

2- Here we want the participant to try making a circuit, also to see how current flows and how increasing the voltage and decreasing it affect the current, in addition to have a look at the resistance and the effect of it increase and decrease.

1- We usually start with a quick review to the last day by letting the participant to summarize. Also, we ask some questions to refresh their memory.

2- After that we should give a quick brief about what we are going to learn today.

3- Then we will start by asking questions about the computer to introduce what come next.

4- We want to ask about the brain of the computer if it has one and also about the language of the computer, They usually tell it doesn’t have brain nor language.

5- Then we can tell that the computer is a device to process data.

6- We can also answer the questions regarding the brain which is the CPU and the language which is Binary system.

6- Due to the different language we need devices in between to communicate with the computer called (I/O).

7- Input devices used to send data to the computer like (the mouse, and the keyboard).

8- Output devices used to take data from the computer like (Display, and the speaker).

1- Microcontrollers are miniature computers exist in many devices to be controlled by it like (the coffee machine, and the microwave), and we call it microcontroller cause it used to control.

2- We usually let the participant to list more example about devices use microcontroller.

3- Then we will show a video about microcontroller.

**Note: the video is embed in the presentation.

1- Arduino is a microcontroller with open source “platform”, you can find many examples about application can be done with it.

2- One Example board (Arduino UNO).

3- This board can run using our instruction, also we will build a software instructions.

4- So simply software is a bunch of instruction sorted in order of execution.

5- To do program on Arduino we need to use (C Arduino) on the (Arduino IDE).

6- In our case we will do programming using Tinker CAD which has both way of coding, Text Coding and Block coding.

1- Usually we give the participant a tour on Tinker CAD to let them be familiar how to build the connection and also how to use the code section.

2- Then we will build simple circuit (Battery + LED) to show how the connection made.

3- Then we can start giving the instruction of today circuit (Blink LED).

4- It’s simple circuit, to show participant how to deal with Arduino in Tinker CAD.

5- Now we need to code the Arduino by clicking on “Code” to open it.

6- Now we will show participant how to code blink LED step by step.

7- This block is a special instruction for pin 13 on Arduino which has an internal LED connected for testing purpose.

8- This Instruction block will make the pin output and change its state whether HIGH or LOW.

9- This is the delay instruction block which will let the microcontroller to wait.

10- This is the final looking for the code.

11- At the end we can ask the participant to make traffic light circuit and code it.

**Note: Always your code must match your circuit connections.

1- We will start by asking the participant if they can summarize what we had taken the day before also I will do a quick one to not miss any idea.

2- We will review the input and output definition, and we will reflect what we’ve learnt on microcontrollers.

3- Also we will list some examples of sensors and actuators.

1- Push button briefly a simple switch control the aspect of a machine.